{"id":4231,"date":"2021-05-31T14:32:09","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T12:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fabricegagnant.com\/?p=4231"},"modified":"2021-11-08T16:56:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T15:56:58","slug":"zomes-helices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/zomes-helices\/","title":{"rendered":"Zomes h\u00e9lices\u00a0: De nouvelles perspectives pour les habitats l\u00e9gers et auto-construits"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Auteurs : <a href=\"https:\/\/giant-octaves.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacques Dudon<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fabrice Gagnant<\/a>. Mai 2021.<\/p>\n<p>[lwptoc]<\/p>\n<h2>Les d\u00f4mes g\u00e9od\u00e9siques<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00e9finition : Un d\u00f4me g\u00e9od\u00e9sique est une sph\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re constitu\u00e9e de pentagones (le motif que l\u2019on retrouve sur les ballons de football), eux-m\u00eames compos\u00e9s de triangles isoc\u00e8les (2 longueurs de c\u00f4t\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes).<\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00f4mes utilis\u00e9s en architecture sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des portions de d\u00f4mes g\u00e9od\u00e9siques.<\/p>\n<p>La forme du d\u00f4me g\u00e9od\u00e9sique est peu pr\u00e9sente dans la nature.<\/p>\n<p>12 faces pentagonales assembl\u00e9es entre elles forment un dod\u00e9ca\u00e8dre, l\u2019un des <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YIeuCCQoUWc?t=1055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cinq solides de Platon<\/a>. Le dod\u00e9ca\u00e8dre symbolisait, pour Platon, le cosmos dans son ensemble.<\/p>\n<h2>Les zomes<\/h2>\n<h3>D\u00e9finition<\/h3>\n<p>Un zome est une figure g\u00e9om\u00e9trique appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0rhombizona\u00e8dre r\u00e9gulier\u00a0\u00bb ayant 2 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de toutes ses ar\u00eates ;<\/li>\n<li>\u00eatre constitu\u00e9 de losanges (un losange est une figue plane \u00e0 4 c\u00f4t\u00e9s \u00e9gaux ; exemple : un carr\u00e9).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Forme<\/h3>\n<h4>Zomes \u00ab masculins \u00bb<\/h4>\n<p>Les zomes \u00ab\u00a0masculins\u00a0\u00bb classiques (\u00e0 ar\u00eates droites) sont des rhombizona\u00e8dres r\u00e9guliers.<br \/>\nLes zomes masculins sont tous sym\u00e9triques. Peu pr\u00e9sents dans la nature, ce sont les plus communs en architecture.<\/p>\n<h4>Zomes \u00ab f\u00e9minins \u00bb ou \u00ab h\u00e9lices \u00bb<\/h4>\n<p>Les zomes \u00ab f\u00e9minins \u00bb ou \u00ab h\u00e9lices \u00bb ont des ar\u00eates courbes (par exemple mises en flexion). Ces ar\u00eates forment un r\u00e9seau d\u2019h\u00e9lices (une h\u00e9lice est une spirale qui se d\u00e9ploie dans l\u2019espace).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4258\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4258\" style=\"width: 141px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4258 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_naturel_ananas-141x300.png\" alt=\"L'ananas est un zome h\u00e9lice naturel\" width=\"141\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_naturel_ananas-141x300.png 141w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_naturel_ananas-6x12.png 6w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_naturel_ananas.png 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 141px) 100vw, 141px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4258\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L&rsquo;ananas est un zome h\u00e9lice v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. Ici, ses trois h\u00e9lices sont surlign\u00e9es en rouge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ces formes sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sentes dans la nature\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>min\u00e9raux : coquillages ;<\/li>\n<li>v\u00e9g\u00e9taux spiral\u00e9s :\n<ul>\n<li>famille des compos\u00e9s (tournesols, c\u0153ur des marguerites, artichauts, chardons, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019ananas pr\u00e9sente une suite math\u00e9matique infinie ;<\/li>\n<li>pommes de pin, boutons de fleurs, choux, etc.<\/li>\n<li>sapins : disposition de ses branches autour du tronc, de ses feuilles, de ses graines ;<\/li>\n<li>choux romanesco (fractal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans les structures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales o\u00f9 l\u2019on trouve des spirales, celles-ci suivent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la suite de Fibonacci (voir plus bas).<\/p>\n<p>Le chercheur fran\u00e7ais <a href=\"https:\/\/giant-octaves.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacques Dudon<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 th\u00e9oriser et d\u00e9velopper de mani\u00e8re exhaustive des structures en forme de zomes f\u00e9minins.<\/p>\n<p>Un zome masculin ou f\u00e9minin aplati \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame forme un disque.<br \/>\nUn zome f\u00e9minin \u00e9tir\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame forme un fuseau (vu de profil cela dessine une mandorle).<\/p>\n<p>Les zomes f\u00e9minins peuvent \u00eatre sph\u00e9riques (boule r\u00e9guli\u00e8re).<\/p>\n<h3>Contreventement<\/h3>\n<p>Pour stabiliser la forme du zome, il faut r\u00e9aliser une ou plusieurs triangulations (scinder ses losanges en deux). Pour ce faire, on fixe \u00e0 la structure un ou plusieurs cercles.<\/p>\n<h3>Toit autoportant<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9finition du terme \u00ab\u00a0autoportant\u00a0\u00bb : se dit de certaines structures dont la stabilit\u00e9 est assur\u00e9e par la seule rigidit\u00e9 de leur forme.<\/p>\n<p>Dans une maison classique, le toit tient plus ou moins par la force des murs. Mais plusieurs types d\u2019architectures proposent un toit autoportant\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les associations d\u2019arches<\/li>\n<li>La <em>kiva<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Les tipis am\u00e9rindiens<\/li>\n<li>La <em>sweat lodge<\/em> am\u00e9rindienne<\/li>\n<li>Le <em>wig-wam<\/em> am\u00e9rindien<\/li>\n<li>Les zome masculins et f\u00e9minins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4239\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4239\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4239 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/toit_autoportant_kiva.jpg\" alt=\"Toits autoportants de type kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/toit_autoportant_kiva.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/toit_autoportant_kiva-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/toit_autoportant_kiva-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/toit_autoportant_kiva-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exemples de toits autoportants de type kiva.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Sommet<\/h3>\n<h4>Pointu<\/h4>\n<p>Tous les zomes masculins ont un sommet pointu.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00c9toil\u00e9<\/h4>\n<p>Les zomes f\u00e9minins peuvent avoir un sommet pointu ou \u00e9toil\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Il est bien plus facile de faire un sommet \u00e9toil\u00e9. Cela donne un sommet ouvert, sans pointe, dessinant une \u00e9toile en son centre.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4255\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4255 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_helices_sommets_pointu_et_etoile.jpg\" alt=\"Zomes h\u00e9lices aux sommets pointu et etoil\u00e9\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_helices_sommets_pointu_et_etoile.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_helices_sommets_pointu_et_etoile-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_helices_sommets_pointu_et_etoile-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_helices_sommets_pointu_et_etoile-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zomes h\u00e9lices aux sommets pointu (\u00e0 gauche) et etoil\u00e9 (\u00e0 droite).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le sommet \u00e9toil\u00e9 peut \u00eatre :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inclusif : ici, les tiges forment le contour ext\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00e9toile. Elles produisent un nombre maximal d\u2019\u00e9tages.<\/li>\n<li>ou exclusif : ici, les tiges forment le contour int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00e9toile et redescendent avant d\u2019atteindre le sommet. Elles produisent un nombre moindre d\u2019\u00e9tages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4238\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4238\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4238 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_sommet_etoile.jpg\" alt=\"Zomes h\u00e9lices sommets \u00e9toil\u00e9s inclusif (\u00e0 gauche) et exclusif (\u00e0 droite)\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_sommet_etoile.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_sommet_etoile-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_sommet_etoile-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_sommet_etoile-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4238\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Exemples de zomes h\u00e9lices aux sommets \u00e9toil\u00e9s inclusif (\u00e0 gauche) et exclusif (\u00e0 droite).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Kiva<\/h4>\n<p>Le terme <em>kiva<\/em> d\u00e9signe un assemblage permettant \u00e0 toutes les perches de se soutenir mutuellement.<\/p>\n<p>On parle aussi de charpente \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/duckduckgo.com\/?q=charpente+autoporteuse&amp;t=lm&amp;iar=images&amp;iax=images&amp;ia=images\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">autoporteuse<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/duckduckgo.com\/?t=lm&amp;q=charpente+r%C3%A9ciproque&amp;iax=images&amp;ia=images\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r\u00e9ciproque<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n<h3>Nombre d\u2019ordre<\/h3>\n<p>Le nombre d\u2019ordre est le nombre d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments identiques (losanges, intersections\u2026) qu\u2019on trouve \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tage.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les rhombizona\u00e8dres r\u00e9guliers\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>le nombre d\u2019\u00e9tages = le nombre d\u2019ordre -1 ;<\/li>\n<li>ayant un nombre d\u2019ordre pair ont des faces \u00e0 leur \u00e9quateur en vis-\u00e0-vis sym\u00e9triques et parall\u00e8les. (Pour les zomes f\u00e9minin, leurs faces \u2013 non planes \u2013 se trouvent \u00e9galement dispos\u00e9es sym\u00e9triquement.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les zomes ayant un nombre d\u2019ordre impair trouvent leur \u00e9quateur entre deux \u00e9tages.<\/p>\n<p>Observations sur les nombres d\u2019ordre, qu\u2019ils soient masculins ou f\u00e9minins\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab 3 \u00bb est le minimum pour cr\u00e9er un zome ;<\/li>\n<li>Tous les nombre d\u2019ordre (pairs comme impairs) sont possibles ;<\/li>\n<li>Plus le nombre d\u2019ordre est important plus forme du zome sera ronde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Autres observations :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les zomes de nombre d\u2019ordre impair tendent \u00e0 procurer une sensation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n<li>Les zomes de nombre d\u2019ordre pair tendent \u00e0 procurer une sensation de dynamisme ;<\/li>\n<li>Un zome masculin de nombre d\u2019ordre infini deviendrait un zome f\u00e9minin, du fait que la succession de ses segments tend \u00e0 former une courbe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Zomes Fibonacci<\/h3>\n<p>La suite de Fibonacci se compose comme suit\u00a0: le nombre suivant est \u00e9gal \u00e0 la somme des deux nombres pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents (n<sub>1<\/sub> + n<sub>2<\/sub> = n<sub>3<\/sub>).<br \/>\nSoit\u00a0: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13\u2026<br \/>\nC\u2019est la suite r\u00e9currente de nombres entiers la plus simple que l\u2019on peut concevoir. On la trouve, par exemple, dans le c\u0153ur de tournesol.<br \/>\nLe rapport des nombres successifs de cette suite tend tr\u00e8s vite vers le nombre d\u2019or.<\/p>\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"Le grand myst\u00e8re des math\u00e9matiques (documentaire arte)\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YIeuCCQoUWc?start=230&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Un zome Fibonacci est un type de zome \u00e0 la fois :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inspir\u00e9 des structures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales pr\u00e9sentes dans la nature ;<\/li>\n<li>bas\u00e9 sur les nombres entiers de la suite de Fibonacci ;<\/li>\n<li>f\u00e9minin ;<\/li>\n<li>asym\u00e9trique ;<\/li>\n<li>ayant un sommet pointu ou \u00e9toil\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n<li>complexe et fractal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mat\u00e9riaux<\/h3>\n<h4>Ossature<\/h4>\n<p>Doit r\u00e9sister aux flexions et aux torsions.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e9g\u00e9taux\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;entreprise <a href=\"https:\/\/fullgrown.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Grown<\/a> de Gavin Munro tresse des chaises vivantes en\n<ul>\n<li>saules,<\/li>\n<li>ch\u00eanes,<\/li>\n<li>fr\u00eanes (ses branches ne poussent pas bien droite),<\/li>\n<li>platanes ;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Peuplier : pousse tr\u00e8s vite et est tr\u00e8s souple ;<\/li>\n<li>Noisetier (<em>sweat lodge<\/em>, <em>wig-wam<\/em>) ;<\/li>\n<li>Osier (sa souplesse le rend peut adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 des zomes de grandes dimensions) ;<\/li>\n<li>Bambou (risque de fendre si mauvais s\u00e9chage).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Industriels\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tubes PVC<\/li>\n<li>Ga\u00eene \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li>Rouleau de tuyau semi-rigide en poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Couverture<\/h4>\n<p>En plein air, doit r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l\u2019eau et aux UV.<\/p>\n<p>Industriels\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e2che transparente pour faire une serre<\/li>\n<li>Toile de store imperm\u00e9abilis\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Montage<\/h3>\n<p>Faire une maquette avant toute construction d\u2019importance.<\/p>\n<p>Rassembler tous les mat\u00e9riaux et outils n\u00e9cessaires (sardines de camping, maillet, poteau d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation, escabeau, ficelles, serflexs en plastique, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>Puis, \u00e9tapes de montage\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u00e9marrer l\u2019embo\u00eetement \u00e0 plat au sol ;<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9aliser et \u00e9galiser les courbures en les calant \u00e0 l\u2019aide de sardines de camping, de piquets, de grosses pierres ou de lourds rondins, etc. ;<\/li>\n<li>Affiner avec des ligatures (exemple : serflexs) ;<\/li>\n<li>Enlever les sardines inutiles ;<\/li>\n<li>Lever tr\u00e8s progressivement la structure (par exemple \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un pied d\u00e9pliable) ;<\/li>\n<li>Fixer un ou plusieurs cercles de contreventement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ci-dessous, r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;un zome f\u00e9minin de nombre d&rsquo;ordre 10 au toit autoportant de type kiva :<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4242\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4242\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4242 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_1.jpg\" alt=\"Zome h\u00e9lice toit autoportant kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_1-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_1-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_1-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4242\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">R\u00e9aliser les courbures \u00e0 plat, au sol, et les maintenir en position.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4243\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4243\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4243 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_2.jpg\" alt=\"Zome h\u00e9lice toit autoportant kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_2-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_2-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_2-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Affiner l&rsquo;assemblage avec des ligatures.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4244\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4244\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4244 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_3.jpg\" alt=\"Zome h\u00e9lice toit autoportant kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_3.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_3-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_3-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_3-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lever la structure tr\u00e8s progressivement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4245\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4245\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4245 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_4.jpg\" alt=\"Zome h\u00e9lice toit autoportant kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_4.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_4-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_4-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_4-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4245\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lever la structure tr\u00e8s progressivement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4246\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4246\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4246 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_5.jpg\" alt=\"Zome h\u00e9lice toit autoportant kiva\" width=\"1000\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_5.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_5-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_5-768x369.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zome_helice_kiva_5-16x8.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4246\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zome h\u00e9lice avec toit autoportant de type kiva en position finale.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4250 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif.png\" alt=\"Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif des diff\u00e9rents types de zomes\" width=\"1143\" height=\"774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif.png 1143w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif-1024x693.png 1024w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zomes_masculins_feminins_tableau_recapitulatif-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1143px) 100vw, 1143px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auteurs : Jacques Dudon et Fabrice Gagnant. Mai 2021. [lwptoc] Les d\u00f4mes g\u00e9od\u00e9siques D\u00e9finition : Un d\u00f4me g\u00e9od\u00e9sique est une sph\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re constitu\u00e9e de pentagones (le motif que l\u2019on retrouve sur les ballons de football), eux-m\u00eames compos\u00e9s de triangles isoc\u00e8les (2 longueurs de c\u00f4t\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes). Les d\u00f4mes utilis\u00e9s en architecture sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des portions de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4231"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4330,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231\/revisions\/4330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fabricemarie.fr\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}